It was practiced at the imperial court and in the street. By the 1st century ce, the belief in the close link between humanity and the stars had become democratized and diversified into a series of practices and schools of thought which ranged across Greek and Roman culture. Hellenistic astrology also drew on Egyptian temple culture, especially the belief that the soul could ascend to the stars. There it became attached to three philosophical schools, those pioneered by Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics, all of which shared the assumption that the cosmos is a single, living, integrated whole. A particularly complex variety of it evolved in Mesopotamia in the first and second millennia bce from where it was imported into the Hellenistic world from the early 4th century bce onward. Most premodern cultures practice a form of astrology. It assumes a link between Earth and sky in which all existence, spiritual, psychological, and physical, is interconnected. Astrology is the name given to a series of diverse practices based in the idea that the stars, planets, and other celestial phenomena possess significance and meaning for events on Earth. A knowledge of astrology’s claims, practices, and world view is essential for a full understanding of religion, politics, and science in the Greek and Roman worlds. Astrology was a central feature of Greek and Roman culture.
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